ABSTRACT
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been used to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders since 1938. In clinical practice, a schedule of administration varies greatly and definitive guidelines are not available. The disparity of treatment schedules may influence the rate of response and the duration of morbidity and hospital stay, as well as cognitive adverse effects. The authors conducted a retrospective, comparative study of twice-weekly versus thrice-weekly ECT schedules in ECT-responder schizophrenic patients. Forty-three patients received acute treatment with bilateral ECT and flupenthixol (12-24 mg/d). Outcome measures were the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Global Assessment of Functioning, and the Mini-Mental-State Exam. The thrice-weekly ECT patient group (N = 21) had shorter duration of morbidity and more rapid response than the twice-weekly ECT patient group (N = 22). Twice-weekly ECT treatment is as equally effective as thrice-weekly schedule regarding the degree of improvement. There were no significant differences in the degree of improvement and the cognitive impairment at the end of the study.
Subject(s)
Adult , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Chi-Square Distribution , Drug Resistance , Electroconvulsive Therapy/methods , Female , Flupenthixol/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Schizophrenia/therapy , Survival Analysis , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
O aumento do consumo de cocaína nas últimas duas décadas foi acompanhado por uma melhora do conhecimento dos mecanismos biológicos relacionados ao uso, abuso e dependência desta droga. Entender esses mecanismos ajudará o clínico a compreender os comportamentos e sintomas dos usuários, bem como as possibilidades de tratamentos biológicos existentes. Os objetivos desta revisäo säo:1. Avaliar a neurobiologia da cocaína, as alteraçöes que provoca nos usos agudo e crônico, os possíveis mecanismos de dependência e da síndrome de abstinência, além das repercussöes neuroendócrinas do uso crônico. 2. Relacionar a farmacoterapia disponível, avaliando sua eficácia a partir de estudos já realizados e apontar novos estudos em andamento
Subject(s)
Humans , Amantadine/administration & dosage , Amantadine/therapeutic use , Bromocriptine/therapeutic use , Cocaine , Haloperidol/therapeutic use , Imipramine/therapeutic use , Biomarkers , Mazindol/therapeutic use , Methylphenidate/therapeutic use , Pergolide/therapeutic use , Substance-Related Disorders/drug therapy , Flupenthixol/therapeutic use , Sulpiride/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Desde el siglo pasado se reconoce dos grupos de síntomas que se supone corresponden a dos tipos de procesos mórbidos en la esquizofrenia. El artículo presenta las ideas de los principales investigadores acerca de estos dos aspectos, junto con los hallazgos neuroquímicos y los estudios de imágenes cerebrales que las sustentan.